Sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules are acts that establish certain standards and requirements. Failure to comply with the provisions specified in them may pose a threat to the health, and in some cases to the lives of the organization’s employees and the country's population. Next, we consider in more detail why state sanitary norms and rules are needed. 
General information
Sanitary standards and the rules of the Russian Federation formulate anti-epidemic and hygiene requirements. By following them, the well-being of the population is ensured. Sanitary rules and norms create optimal conditions for living, working, living, resting, training and nutrition of citizens. The acts contain provisions prescribing the implementation of preventive measures aimed at preventing morbidity, maintaining and strengthening the health of employees of organizations. Sanitary rules and norms include the definition of acceptable, optimal and limit indicators of the environment and the work environment.
Application area
Sanitary rules and norms are developed for various industrial and domestic areas. So, for example, there are requirements for drinking water poured into containers, equipping hairdressers, lighting public or residential buildings. Compliance with sanitary norms and rules guarantees the safety of the organization of production processes, production of products that meet the standards adopted in the country. 
Federal SanPiN
They operate throughout Russia. These sanitary rules and norms are introduced for five years. Requirements can be developed separately for each subject of the country. In this case, their validity is one year. Moreover, regional norms and rules must comply with federal ones. The first may be extended, but not more than two years. It should be said that in many sectors today the standards adopted by the USSR Ministry of Health still apply. Such rules and regulations are considered valid if they have not been canceled by law or other requirements have not been adopted.
Document unification
In 1993, a special classifier was developed to systematize normative and methodological acts in the main areas of epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic standardization. In accordance with it, a list of current instructions is formed. In the section "Hygiene" a group of documents was highlighted. The requirements in them relate to the production, labor sphere. In the section "Occupational health" there are several subgroups. These include:
- design, operation, reconstruction and construction of structures;
- work tools, equipment and materials, raw materials, technological processes;
- enterprises of transport, communications, agriculture, industrial and other industries;
- physical production conditions;
- chemical working factors;
- biological production conditions;
- ergonomics and physiology;
- personal and collective protective equipment;
- the health status of workers in accordance with environmental factors.
Documentation Requirements
All existing and existing standards in the country (GOSTs), construction, sanitary requirements, industrial safety and labor protection rules, administrative, methodological, instructive, regulatory acts and documents regulating the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of citizens, the safety of working conditions and the environment,which are issued by executive authorized bodies of authority (regional, federal, territorial) must be consistent with the relevant legislation of Russia.
Methodical documents
In addition to the above regulatory acts, other important documents are valid in the territory of the Russian Federation.
- Guides. They are a set of methodological and administrative documents binding upon. The provisions that are present in them relate to the organization of epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic regulation, state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, as well as the fulfillment of the requirements prescribed by sanitary legislation.
- Guidelines. These documents establish the requirements for the organization and implementation of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, mandatory for execution. The provisions of these acts regulate the activities of authorized bodies. In particular, their effect extends to organizations that carry out epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic rationing.
- Guidelines for control methods. These documents contain requirements that regulate the methods and techniques for quantitative and qualitative determination of the physical, biological and chemical production factors of the working and living environment of citizens, which can negatively affect or affect their condition. The provisions present in these acts are also binding.
Sanitary regulations and rules of trade: general provisions
These requirements apply to all enterprises engaged in this industry. These include, in particular:
- food warehouses;
- base;
- the shops;
- storage facilities;
- small retail enterprises.
The rules apply to all trade institutions, regardless of ownership and their departmental affiliation. The exception is refrigerators. They are subject to special requirements. Reconstruction and design of existing enterprises engaged in food trade should be carried out in accordance with established and approved norms and rules of sanitation and hygiene. Departments, ministries, cooperative and other enterprises are required to provide design estimates for construction for approval. Papers are submitted to the units of the public service for sanitary and epidemiological control.
Commissioning of capitally repaired, reconstructed or newly built structures is carried out in coordination with the centers of Sanitary Inspection. The merchant must have a license to sell food. A permit document must be issued by an executive authorized body. The volume and assortment of goods sold is previously agreed with the centers of Sanitary Inspection. It is unacceptable to change the approved types of products without their permission.
Retail network
Objects involved in this area can be stationary and mobile. The first ones include pavilions, camper vans, kiosks, tents and so on. Mobile machines for selling drinks, tanks and insulated containers for selling milk, kvass, beer, caravans, shop benches, trays, baskets, carts and more are considered mobile. Stationary facilities used in retail trade must comply with established sanitary requirements. The choice of the location should be agreed with the territorial centers of the Sanitary Inspection. From objects of retail trade, the sale of food products in a limited assortment is carried out. It is coordinated with the territorial center of Sanitary Inspection taking into account the peculiarities of local conditions. 
Primary requirements
The sale of perishable products in the retail network without refrigeration equipment for storage is strictly prohibited.The daily supply of goods, containers should be kept in the utility rooms of stationary objects. Storage of packaged products or containers near the enterprise is not allowed. In all stationary objects, washbasins should be installed, a towel and soap should be present. Small garbage and waste are collected in a bucket with a lid and a pedal. The seller’s personal belongings are stored in special cabinets or in another place allocated for these purposes. In cold weather, the indoor temperature should be at least 18 degrees. Only one group of goods should be dispensed at kiosks. Mixed trade is permitted in tents, if the conditions necessary for the sale and storage are created. When goods are released from baskets and trays, it is not allowed to put them on the ground. Trays should be equipped with folding supports. At the end of the working day, portable and transported equipment is returned to the base enterprise, where it is sanitized. Unsold items are deposited.
